lab equipments , performance of light sensor activities to perform: i) construct a circuit to measure the speed of the motor (12v dc) using optical sensor – reflective (tcrt5000) or slot-type (h21a1). , observe the behaviour of transistor as a switch activities to perform: i)construct a circuit to get on/off control on dc motor using push button, spst, spdt and limit switch. ii) construct a circuit to get on/off control on dc motor using transistor and relay. , forward and reverse control of ac motor activities to perform: i)connect forward reverse control switch to change the direction of rotation of three phase induction motor. ii)demonstrate the forward and reverse operation of motor. iii)measure the no-load current in each phase using tongue tester (clamp meter). , servo motor control with an arduino activities to perform: i)construct an arduino based circuit to sweeps the shaft of servo motor (sg90 or mg995) back and forth across 180 degrees. ii) interface potentiometer (10 kilo ohm) with arduino and based on its position get the control of servo motor shaft.